Commemorated on April 20
Pascha (Easter)
Enjoy ye all the feast of faith; receive ye all the riches of loving-kindness.
(Sermon of St John Chrysostom, read at Paschal Matins)
The
resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead is the center of the
Christian faith. St Paul says that if Christ is not raised from the
dead, then our preaching and faith are in vain (I Cor. 15:14). Indeed,
without the resurrection there would be no Christian preaching or faith.
The disciples of Christ would have remained the broken and hopeless
band which the Gospel of John describes as being in hiding behind locked
doors for fear of the Jews. They went nowhere and preached nothing
until they met the risen Christ, the doors being shut (John 20: 19).
Then they touched the wounds of the nails and the spear; they ate and
drank with Him. The resurrection became the basis of everything they
said and did (Acts 2-4): “. . . for a spirit has not flesh and bones as
you see that I have” (Luke 24:39).
The resurrection reveals Jesus
of Nazareth as not only the expected Messiah of Israel, but as the King
and Lord of a new Jerusalem: a new heaven and a new earth.
Then I
saw a new heaven and a new earth. . . the holy city, new Jerusalem. And I
heard a great voice from the throne saying “Behold, the dwelling place
of God is with men. He will dwell with them, and they shall be his
people. . . He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death
shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning nor crying nor pain
any more, for the former things have passed away (Rev. 21:1-4).
In
His death and resurrection, Christ defeats the last enemy, death, and
thereby fulfills the mandate of His Father to subject all things under
His feet (I Cor. 15:24-26).
Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing (Rev. 5: 12)
THE FEAST OF FEASTS
The
Christian faith is celebrated in the liturgy of the Church. True
celebration is always a living participation. It is not a mere
attendance at services. It is communion in the power of the event being
celebrated. It is God’s free gift of joy given to spiritual men as a
reward for their self-denial. It is the fulfillment of spiritual and
physical effort and preparation. The resurrection of Christ, being the
center of the Christian faith, is the basis of the Church’s liturgical
life and the true model for all celebration. This is the chosen and holy
day, first of sabbaths, king and lord of days, the feast of feasts,
holy day of holy days. On this day we bless Christ forevermore (Irmos 8,
Paschal Canon).
PREPARATION
Twelve weeks of preparation
precede the “feast of feasts.” A long journey which includes five
prelenten Sundays, six weeks of Great Lent and finally Holy Week is
made. The journey moves from the self-willed exile of the prodigal son
to the grace-filled entrance into the new Jerusalem, coming down as a
bride beautifully adorned for her husband (Rev. 21:2) Repentance,
forgiveness, reconciliation, prayer, fasting, almsgiving, and study are
the means by which this long journey is made.
Focusing on the
veneration of the Cross at its midpoint, the lenten voyage itself
reveals that the joy of the resurrection is achieved only through the
Cross. “Through the cross joy has come into all the world,” we sing in
one paschal hymn. And in the paschal troparion, we repeat again and
again that Christ has trampled down death—by death! St Paul writes that
the name of Jesus is exalted above every name because He first emptied
Himself, taking on the lowly form of a servant and being obedient even
to death on the Cross (Phil. 2:5-11). The road to the celebration of the
resurrection is the self-emptying crucifixion of Lent. Pascha is the
passover from death to life.
Yesterday I was buried with Thee, 0 Christ.
Today I arise with Thee in Thy resurrection.
Yesterday I was crucified with Thee:
Glorify me with Thee, 0 Savior, in Thy kingdom (Ode 3, Paschal Canon).
THE PROCESSION
The
divine services of the night of Pascha commence near midnight of Holy
Saturday. At the Ninth Ode of the Canon of Nocturn, the priest, already
vested in his brightest robes, removes the Holy Shroud from the tomb and
carries it to the altar table, where it remains until the leave-taking
of Pascha. The faithful stand in darkness. Then, one by one, they light
their candles from the candle held by the priest and form a great
procession out of the church. Choir, servers, priest and people, led by
the bearers of the cross, banners, icons and Gospel book, circle the
church. The bells are rung incessantly and the angelic hymn of the
resurrection is chanted.
The procession comes to a stop before the
principal doors of the church. Before the closed doors the priest and
the people sing the troparion of Pascha, “Christ is risen from the
dead...”, many times. Even before entering the church the priest and
people exchange the paschal greeting: “Christ is Risen! Indeed He is
risen!” This segment of the paschal services is extremely important. It
preserves in the experience of the Church the primitive accounts of the
resurrection of Christ as recorded in the Gospels. The angel rolled away
the stone from the tomb not to let a biologically revived but
physically entrapped Christ walk out, but to reveal that “He is not
here; for He has risen, as He said” (Matt. 28:6).
In the paschal canon we sing:
Thou
didst arise, 0 Christ, and yet the tomb remained sealed, as at Thy
birth the Virgin’s womb remained unharmed; and Thou has opened for us
the gates of paradise (Ode 6).
Finally, the procession of light
and song in the darkness of night, and the thunderous proclamation that,
indeed, Christ is risen, fulfill the words of the Evangelist John: “The
light shines in darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it” (John
1:5).
The doors are opened and the faithful re-enter. The church
is bathed in light and adorned with flowers. It is the heavenly bride
and the symbol of the empty tomb:
Bearing life and more fruitful than paradise
Brighter than any royal chamber,
Thy tomb, 0 Christ, is the fountain or our resurrection (Paschal Hours).
MATINS
Matins
commences immediately. The risen Christ is glorified in the singing of
the beautiful canon of St John of Damascus. The paschal greeting is
repeatedly exchanged. Near the end of Matins the paschal verses are
sung. They relate the entire narrative of the Lord’s resurrection. They
conclude with the words calling us to actualize among each other the
forgiveness freely given to all by God:
This is the day of resurrection.
Let us be illumined by the feast.
Let us embrace each other.
Let us call “brothers” even those who hate us,
And forgive all by the resurrection. . .
The
sermon of St John Chrysostom is then read by the celebrant. The sermon
was originally composed as a baptismal instruction. It is retained by
the Church in the paschal services because everything about the night of
Pascha recalls the Sacrament of Baptism: the language and general
terminology of the liturgical texts, the specific hymns, the vestment
color, the use of candles and the great procession itself. Now the
sermon invites us to a great reaffirmation of our baptism: to union with
Christ in the receiving of Holy Communion.
If any man is devout
and loves God, let him enjoy this fair and radiant triumphal feast. . .
the table is fully laden; feast you all sumptuously. . . the calf is
fatted, let no one go hungry away. . .
THE DIVINE LITURGY
The
sermon announces the imminent beginning of the Divine Liturgy. The
altar table is fully laden with the divine food: the Body and Blood of
the risen and glorified Christ. No one is to go away hungry. The service
books are very specific in saying that only he who partakes of the Body
and Blood of Christ eats the true Pascha. The Divine Liturgy,
therefore, normally follows immediately after paschal Matins. Foods from
which the faithful have been asked to abstain during the lenten journey
are blessed and eaten only after the Divine Liturgy.
THE DAY WITHOUT EVENING
Pascha
is the inauguration of a new age. It reveals the mystery of the eighth
day. It is our taste, in this age, of the new and unending day of the
Kingdom of God. Something of this new and unending day is conveyed to us
in the length of the paschal services, in the repetition of the paschal
order for all the services of Bright Week, and in the special paschal
features retained in the services for the forty days until Ascension.
Forty days are, as it were, treated as one day. Together they comprise
the symbol of the new time in which the Church lives and toward which
she ever draws the faithful, from one degree of glory to another.
0 Christ, great and most holy Pascha.
0 Wisdom, Word and Power of God,
grant that we may more perfectly partake of Thee in the never-ending day of Thy kingdom
(Ninth Ode, Paschal Canon).
The V. Rev. Paul Lazor
New York, 1977
SOURCE:
SAINT OR FEAST POSTED THIS DATE 2013(with 2012's link here also and further, 2011, 2010, 2009 and even 2008!)