Saint Theodore, Prince of Ostrozh, gained fame with the
construction of churches and by his defense of Orthodoxy in Volhynia
against the enroachment of Papism. He was descended from St Vladimir
(July 15), through a great-grandson Svyatopolk-Michael, prince of Turov
(1080-1093) and later Great Prince of Kiev (+1113).
The first
time the name of the holy Prince Theodore is mentioned is in the year
1386, when the Polish king Jagiello and the Lithuanian prince Vitovt
affirmed his hereditary possession of the Ostrozh district, and they
augmented the Zaslavsk and Koretsk surroundings.
In 1410 St
Theodore participated in the defeat of the Teutonic Knights of the
Catholic Order at the Battle of Gruenwald. In 1422 the holy prince,
because of sympathy for the Orthodox in Bohemia, supported the Hussites
in their struggle with the German emperor Sigismund. Theodore introduced
the Hussite formation (i.e., the Taborite, adopted by the Ukrainian
Cossacks) into Russian military strategy.
In 1432, after winning a
series of victories over the Polish forces, St Theodore compelled
Prince Jagiello to guarantee the freedom of Orthodoxy in Volhynia under
the law. Prince Svidrigailo, apprehensive of the strengthening of his
ally, locked St Theodore into prison, but the people who loved the saint
rose up in rebellion, and he was freed.
St Theodore was
reconciled with the offender and went to him for help in the struggle
against the Lithuanians and the Poles. In 1438, the holy prince took
part in a battle with the Tatars. In 1440, with the accession to the
Polish throne of Cazimir, youngest son of Prince Jagiello, St Theodore
received the rights of administration of the city of Vladimir, Dubno,
Ostrog, and he was granted extensive holdings in the best regions of
Podolia and Volhynia.
St Theodore left all this behind, together
with princely power and fame. After 1441 he entered the Kiev Caves
monastery, where he received the monastic tonsure with the name
Theodosius, he struggled there for the salvation of his soul until the
time of his blessed repose.
The year of St Theodore’s death is
unknown, but it is probable that he died in the second half of the
fifteenth century at a great old age (S. M. Soloviev in his HISTORY OF
RUSSIA gives the year of his death as 1483). The saint was buried in the
Far Caves of St Theodosius (He is also commemorated on the Synaxis of
the Monastic Fathers of the Far Caves, August 28). His glorification
apparently took place at the end of the sixteenth century, since in the
year 1638 the hieromonk Athanasius Kal’nophysky testified that “St
Theodore rests in the Theodosiev Cave, where his body was discovered
incorrupt.”
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